Another aspect of this is that Russia already has a very high percentage of it's armed forces in Ukraine. I doubt anyone (including Putin) knows with certainty what the actual percentages are, but UK Defence Secretary says that 97% of the Russian army is estimated to be in Ukraine already.
It's hard to see how Russia could escalate much, other than using nukes. I'm skeptical Putin would actually use nukes because it would be suicidal, but there is of course no way to know with absolute certainty.
Granted, Russia is reportedly planning to increase defense spending, but the GDP of Russia is tiny and Russia is therefore very limited in terms of what it can do to escalate the war:
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It is said (attributed to George Bernard Shaw and many others) that God always favours the big battalions in war, meaning that whoever has the greatest resources is likely - sooner or later - to triumph over the many other factors that can play a part. If this is the case, NATO should have no...
www.worldeconomics.com
Even by itself, the GDP of the U.S. is about 14 times that of Russia ($20.89 trillion vs $1.48 trillion).
https://www.ipi.org/ipi_issues/detail/russias-minuscule-economy-the-mouse-that-roars
In terms of military spending, the U.S. (by itself) dwarfs Russia $750 billion to $48 billion:
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worldpopulationreview.com
Russia is not an invincible monster of some sort. Putin's tough guy act is mostly (completely?) a bluff.
Prevailing in Ukraine is a question of Western resolve (politics), not capability.