The tax rule you're talking about has been around for many decades, and it's called loss carry-forward. Basically, the Federal tax laws allow corporations *and individuals* to not only deduct losses from income, but if your losses exceed your income it allows you to carry the loss balance forward and deduct it for years. It is now a strategy used by many companies to lose a lot of money to build the company and create market share, and then deduct the losses when you are making money so the net income is tax free. Actually, it's my understanding that last year Amazon amazingly got a tax refund. Personally I hate the deductibility of losses, even in the current tax year, even though I've taken advantage of this law for capital losses myself. IMO losses should not be deductible AT ALL. Why should the rest of us subsidize poor decisions and outcomes? Nonetheless, it is the current law, though ironically the value of these losses carried forward on corporate books were significantly reduced when Congress lowered the corporate tax rate. Even more ironic is that public companies could be the target of shareholder class action suits if they don't take advantage of the available tax law incentives.
This is why I don't understand the silly "democratic socialist" proposals to dramatically change the tax laws, when IMO all we have to do is close a bunch of loopholes, eliminate special credits, eliminate loss deductibility, and phase out deductions completely above some reasonably high income level. For one thing, this strategy, of modifying existing tax laws, will be a lot easier to get past the House and Senate than any of Warren's or Sander's illogical stuff. Can you imagine the fight over a wealth tax? (For one thing, a wealth tax at the Federal level is arguably unconstitutional.)
FWIW, I agree that the current minimum wage is criminally low. On the other hand, Amazon pays at least $15/hour and provides medical and retirement benefits. And unfortunately there isn't a generally accepted definition for "a decent life". Nor are living conditions a basic right under the Constitution; not housing, not medical care, not even sufficient nutrition.