The two lower woofers don't move much compared to the upper one, so I gather the two lower woofers are together producing the same bass signal as the single upper?
The lower two woofers are playing 250hz and below. The upper midwoofer is playing 3khz and below. The tweeter is playing from 3khz up to 20khz.
It seems strange to "burden" the mid-range woofer with so much of the bass signal when you have two other dedicated woofers available.
I think the reason Andrew went with a 2.5 way was to handle the BSC without reducing sensitivity. These are very cheap speakers. The target consumer is not going to have very much power on hand (the speaker couldn't handle it anyway) so every bit of sensitivity is precious. The speaker is only 87db at 2.83V, much lower and those tiny little amps wont be able to drive them very loud.
Does playing the lower frequencies make it harder for the driver to maintain detail in the mid-range?
For this specific driver...probably. For, say, this driver:
http://www.scan-speak.dk/datasheet/pdf/15wu-4741t00.pdf
probably not...
Here is my logic:
A speaker doesn't truly play a specific frequency at any one time. It simply moves in and out based on the interaction between the magnetic field created by an alternating current running through the voice coil, and the permanent magnet. When asked to play a specific song an amplifier send along a current form of the waveform.
Something like this. You can think of the X-axis as time, and the Y-axis as direction of cone excursion.
Detail is achieved simply by moving the cone in such a way as to create as close to the original waveform as possible. This is much harder than it sounds. Electromagnetism likes to give us problems. Problems like eddy currents, inductance, back EMF (back voltage; back potential difference) etc. Physics likes to give us problems such as cone breakup (resonance modes), driver resonance, etc.
With the Pioneer drivers, I'd imagine the suspension isn't very advanced/linear. I'd guess the suspension is
much more stiff on one side. I'd also imagine the motor isn't very advanced/linear, resulting in high inductance, low Bl as VC leaves gap, etc. All things you see on cheaper drivers (and some expensive drivers
)
If you take a look at the Illuminator's little brother:
http://medleysmusings.com/scan-speak-illuminator-12mu4731t-00/
You'd realize the Illuminator drivers can handle a GREAT deal of Xmax while remaining incredibly linear.
In laymen terms, the Pioneers will move a bit wonky when asked to produce large amounts of excursion limiting detail, while the Illuminator will move in a very linear fashion.
*Do note there are other considerations when thinking about detail and timbre/neutrality. Usable range, harmonic distortion, on and off-axis FR, cone breakup all have factors in detail and linearity. This explanation was really focusing on linearity vs excursion as that is the major factor when asking a driver to play low vs mid frequencies.