You are supposed to have the power turned off whenever you are making connections to your receiver (owner's manuals ALWAYS say this). You now know why.
Very probably, you have damaged the output section of your receiver. If it was working before, and you have the controls set as before and the speakers properly hooked up without it now working, then you have damaged it.
You might want to check all of the switches on the front panel, as many people accidentally switch on tape monitors and other such things which will prevent them from hearing anything. Make sure all of the switches are in the appropriate position (all "up" on your model will work with every source except a tape monitor). Make sure you have the speakers hooked up to the same set ("A" or "B") that you have selected with the switch on the front panel. If you have all of the switches in the correct position, and if you have functioning speakers correctly hooked up, then there is a problem with your receiver.
In which case, it is time to take it to a repair shop, or buy something else. On the plus side, the last I heard, you could still get the parts for the output of a Pioneer SX-780, so it should be repairable. Whether it will be cost effective or not will depend upon how much your local repair shop charges.