When mounting a sub is there a certain amount of material you need on the edges?
I'm not sure your question. but I think flush mounting the driver is always best when possible. To do this I suggest doubling the baffle.
I think you've over thought this. Pick something and build it! You never know until you try. The most fun part of DIY is the building portion. Getting to power up the saw and rip the wood. Routing the baffles. Gluing and clamping. Flush trim routing. Sanding down an edge.
Make sure you wear ear protection and eye protection and a face mask.
We want you to enjoy this hobby for years to come.
What you should be asking about is tools. Not drivers. Once you planned a build execute it.
I suggest you start with either the JL Audio 12w7 or the Shiva-X Put them in a sealed box. And then later try a ported box. See which you prefer. Plywood or MDF is cheap so you can try all sorts of things. Once you get the box you like then it's time to build your own speakers.
Remember these are toys to be played with. Not life or death decisions. If your stressing then you need a reality check.
It's pretty hard to build a bad subwoofer box. If you follow general guidelines.
If you buy any good driver it will have potential so just get a driver you like. And move on to building. I also suggest watching Home Improvement as the show is a welcome comedy after a good day of wood working.