I wanted to answer you question by simply saying no, based on "garbage in garbage out" but that would seem too generalizing.
So below is my opinion and logic (not all facts), and as they say, ymmv..
The media source contents - should in theory be more important because the sound wave has to go through and subjected to many complicated things including the recording venue acoustics, recording mic(s), the associated cabling/wiring, various kinds of equalizers, mixers, and other electronic devices including amplifiers and probably ADC and DAC depending on the process. I am sure there are more, but I am not familiar with studio and live recording/mastering, hopefully some resident experts such as
@Irvrobinson and
@TLS Guy who have done their own recordings would chime in.
The source players such as cd/dvd/universal/blu-ray players - are also important but they are all matured technological try and true products such that once you get pass the cheap entry level stuff, they should be not be the bottleneck if you bit stream to the AVP/AVC/AVR.
External DACs are typically not the bottleneck either, you can read up on the audiosciencereview.com. They tested a lot of DACs and found even the flag ship Marantz prepro could match the performance of most $200 external DACs.
Preamp and amp - Both are amplifiers, pre-amp typically has much lower gain, and handles much higher voltage current than pre-amps. Both are again, matured technological products. I would say in an overall sense, between the two, the power amp is most likely the bottleneck because of their higher gain and power output. In the extreme case, a pre-amp for "line level" signals can be passive such that it doesn't even have to amplify, but simply control the "volume" by attenuation, and of course switch/select the inputs. This is based comparing pre-amp and power amp in a "separate" system. It is a little different in the modern world of the AVR/AVP/AVC and some "AVR derived/related" integrated amps.
For example, all recent Yamaha AVRs (except I am not sure about the 2017 and newer models, and some integrated amp such as the A-S801's preamp (I would
guess the same for the C-X5100 prepro) section is based on a single LSI chip that has better noise and distortion specs than entry level DAC chips, but not as good as the better ones such as the ES9006, so yes in that case it could be the bottleneck upstream of the power amp section, but it is still at the mercy of the quality of the upstream source media contents. In other words, garbage in garbage out still rules.
I have linked the article a few many times before, you seem like someone who may be interested in reading it. There are 3 parts, so it may take you hours to read and digest everything.
https://hometheaterhifi.com/technical/technical-reviews/options-by-supplier-and-price/