Many options, many opinions. Hare's mine.
Cube speakers - as the name implies, generally a small cube as illustrated in the picture. May be considered "full range" considering their size although, due to their diminutive size, will probably be lacking in the bass department.
Satellite speakers - smaller speakers of varying shapes that are specificaly designed to be part of a three (or more) piece system and require a separate woofer.
Bookshelf speakers - Although any of the above could fall into this category, they are generally any speaker larger than the above but not specificaly designed for floor placement. These are sometimes also referred to as "stand mount" as well.