First, it has to be understood that surges and direct lightening strikes are two totally different animals.
Unless we all plan on installing Halo systems, we'll leave direct strikes for the insurance company.
Most of the damage caused by near field strikes is the induction of current into multiple paths between circuits, or between other conductors like cable TV and networks, or phone systems.
Any system that forms loops that the current from a near by lightning strike can induce surge current into can be affected.
After that, it's more the common surges that occur inside a home, when the refrigerator compressor starts and stops, likewise with air conditioning.
Even if this does not cause an immediate failure, components repeatedly stressed beyond voltage specifications can have a shortened life.
This can show up as latent damage; equipment failing for no apparent reason.