The foam board will do nothing for soundproofing. On the concrete, it's purely a heat insulator. Use pink in all the walls.
No need to use 2 different thicknesses. The more mass the better. 2 layers of 5/8 is best.
The clips can work very well. If you really want good isolation, use something like PAC International DC-04 clips to tie the walls to the joists above. Build the walls 1/2" short so they're not physically touching the joists and use the DC-04's every 2' around the perimeter.
Now that the walls are decoupled, you only need to do clips and channel on the ceiling.
Also, you'll need to pay very close attention to any openings in the room (outlets, switches, lights, HVAC, etc.) or all your effort is for naught.
Lastly, make sure you use a solid core wood door with a threshold and seals.
Bryan