j_garcia

j_garcia

Audioholic Jedi
Range for common EVs in cold weather, with and without heat pumps. Looks like my observation is confirmed there too, the seat heaters are less of an impact on range vs. the cabin heater


Well at least in the railroad sector we are at least 'halfway there', our locomotives are diesel/electric !
 
Mikado463

Mikado463

Audioholic Spartan
For sure, electrification in railways here in the US has been in use for the past 100 years or so. Here in the East on the former Main Line of the PRR, Amtrak is is powered by overhead catenary up and down the NE Corridor and West out of Philly to Harrisburg, Pa.

Rode home from the Auto Show last night on a commuter train being pulled by a 'motor' ........
 
j_garcia

j_garcia

Audioholic Jedi
j_garcia

j_garcia

Audioholic Jedi
For sure, electrification in railways here in the US has been in use for the past 100 years or so. Here in the East on the former Main Line of the PRR, Amtrak is is powered by overhead catenary up and down the NE Corridor and West out of Philly to Harrisburg, Pa.

Rode home from the Auto Show last night on a commuter train being pulled by a 'motor' ........
This is the first fully electric in our area. It was all over the news when they opened that corridor up a few months ago.
 
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haraldo

haraldo

Audioholic Warlord
Interesting to read in the article is that EV's become the 'cleaner choice' at approx the 25,000 mile mark
Yeah so people changing EV cars every 3 years are definitely not carbon neutral. I read that an average figure for Tesla is 7 years.
 
N

nicoleise

Junior Audioholic
What VW does here is IMHO completely unacceptable and they make a safety concern
Isn't that a bit of an overstatement and maybe a tad misinformed?
  • VW ID4 (discs front, drum rear): 118 ft
  • Toyota RAV4 (all discs): 131 ft
  • Kia Sorrento / Hyundai Santa Fee (all disks): 125 ft
  • Mazda CX-5 (all discs): 136 ft
  • Honda CR-V (all discs): 128 ft
  • BMW i4 (all discs, most similar BEV by BMW from same source): 113 ft (a 4 year newer car design)
  • BMW 740i (all discs, they don't have a 730D, I imagine the braking distance on that would be longer since it's not a performance model like the 740i): 107 ft (2023 model)
(60 to 0 MPH measured by Motortrend)

Perspective: Studies put the average reaction time of drivers in traffic at 1,5 s. 0,5 s is considered to be a fast reaction time to an expected event, like the start of a race. If we suggest a very alert driver would react to an unexpected event in traffic in 1 s, I would say that's a reasonable and fair assumption.

A vehicle travelling at 60 MPH (which the braking distances above are at) covers 88 ft every second. Electric cars are heavy, so I think the fair comparison is the i4 vs ID4, even if we ignore all the cars the ID4 beat, with "non-safety-concern-irresponsible-braking-systems".

That's a difference of 5 ft, equivelant to a difference in reaction time of just 62 ms. It's completely in the realm of theory - even if you test your own reaction time 10 times in a row (to an expected event and while concentrating, mind you), you'll typically see far greater variety than that number.

Endlessly more significant contributions will come from the weather, friction, state of the road surface, type of road, maintenance state of the brakes and tires and even the choice of tires. It's even well within the tolerances of identical brand/model of tires. And finally of course, driver awareness.

Calling this out as completely unacceptable and a safety concern is pretty wild in my opinion.


Futhermore, when you view this as you should (at a societal level, i.e. good stopping performance doesn't help you, if the guy behinds you rear-ends you), it's an improvement in safety because it's removing an issue with underutilized rear disc brakes (corrosion and sticky brakes) that will become much worse for EVs than for ICE vehicles (where it's also an issue). An issue that easily overthrows the slight advantage the disc brakes have (when new/"overly" maintained) in the real world of driving on the road in vehicles that are not brand new.

There's also reason to simply get used to it. Mercedes Benz are also switching to a drum based braking solution in their EVs, where the brakes are moved into the body of the vehicle thus reducing unsprung weight and improving vehicle dynamics in general (thus; I'd be surprised if BMW doesn't do something similar, since that's right up their alley). These are supposedly a lifetime, non-serviceable part that requires no maintenance.

And finally, just FYI, these are not the same drum brakes from "back then". They share the concept of the brake being encased in a drum, but they are not the same. And even if they were... cars stopped back then too, and car trailers (and trucks) made today and weighing substantially more than the cars also stop just fine. It really isn't a point of concern at all, it's just a conception that is the product of (car) marketing in the 90s.
 
haraldo

haraldo

Audioholic Warlord
Isn't that a bit of an overstatement and maybe a tad misinformed?
  • VW ID4 (discs front, drum rear): 118 ft
  • Toyota RAV4 (all discs): 131 ft
  • Kia Sorrento / Hyundai Santa Fee (all disks): 125 ft
  • Mazda CX-5 (all discs): 136 ft
  • Honda CR-V (all discs): 128 ft
  • BMW i4 (all discs, most similar BEV by BMW from same source): 113 ft (a 4 year newer car design)
  • BMW 740i (all discs, they don't have a 730D, I imagine the braking distance on that would be longer since it's not a performance model like the 740i): 107 ft (2023 model)
(60 to 0 MPH measured by Motortrend)

Perspective: Studies put the average reaction time of drivers in traffic at 1,5 s. 0,5 s is considered to be a fast reaction time to an expected event, like the start of a race. If we suggest a very alert driver would react to an unexpected event in traffic in 1 s, I would say that's a reasonable and fair assumption.

A vehicle travelling at 60 MPH (which the braking distances above are at) covers 88 ft every second. Electric cars are heavy, so I think the fair comparison is the i4 vs ID4, even if we ignore all the cars the ID4 beat, with "non-safety-concern-irresponsible-braking-systems".

That's a difference of 5 ft, equivelant to a difference in reaction time of just 62 ms. It's completely in the realm of theory - even if you test your own reaction time 10 times in a row (to an expected event and while concentrating, mind you), you'll typically see far greater variety than that number.

Endlessly more significant contributions will come from the weather, friction, state of the road surface, type of road, maintenance state of the brakes and tires and even the choice of tires. It's even well within the tolerances of identical brand/model of tires. And finally of course, driver awareness.

Calling this out as completely unacceptable and a safety concern is pretty wild in my opinion.


Futhermore, when you view this as you should (at a societal level, i.e. good stopping performance doesn't help you, if the guy behinds you rear-ends you), it's an improvement in safety because it's removing an issue with underutilized rear disc brakes (corrosion and sticky brakes) that will become much worse for EVs than for ICE vehicles (where it's also an issue). An issue that easily overthrows the slight advantage the disc brakes have (when new/"overly" maintained) in the real world of driving on the road in vehicles that are not brand new.

There's also reason to simply get used to it. Mercedes Benz are also switching to a drum based braking solution in their EVs, where the brakes are moved into the body of the vehicle thus reducing unsprung weight and improving vehicle dynamics in general (thus; I'd be surprised if BMW doesn't do something similar, since that's right up their alley). These are supposedly a lifetime, non-serviceable part that requires no maintenance.

And finally, just FYI, these are not the same drum brakes from "back then". They share the concept of the brake being encased in a drum, but they are not the same. And even if they were... cars stopped back then too, and car trailers (and trucks) made today and weighing substantially more than the cars also stop just fine. It really isn't a point of concern at all, it's just a conception that is the product of (car) marketing in the 90s.
I simply would not want technology on my car that I think was obsolete more than 20 years ago, end stop!

i don´t think we will see drum brakes in F1 where braking distance is essential?
 
N

nicoleise

Junior Audioholic
I simply would not want technology on my car that I think was obsolete more than 20 years ago, end stop!
Sure. But "I don't want X because I think Y" is also radically different from making accusations that something is objectively a safety concern.

Besides, the EU is expected to present regulations on particle emissions from brakes amongst others in 2025, and disc brakes currently offer no way to prevent emissions of these particles, whereas drum brakes by design keep them contained and can be emptied in a controlled environment (during servicing or disposal of the vehicle).

So it's probably, like I wrote, something we all might as well get used to (again), just like the electric car itself which was also totally obsolete until all the sudden it wasn't obsolete again.

i don´t think we will see drum brakes in F1 where braking distance is essential?
I don't think F1 cars have the issue of the brakes being underutilized? The comparison is irrelevant and pointless, when my point specifically is that in real world road conditions with cars that don't all drive around with brand new brakes all the time, there's likely no real world *and relevant* measurable difference in the application as described and thus no point in claiming it's a safety concern. The numbers I posted show this point clearly.
 
haraldo

haraldo

Audioholic Warlord
I came down a high speed road at 100 km/h when a car suddenly jumped out in front and I max braked. The 730d had insane brakes to the point it is crazy. This went well..... Somewhat worse brakes and outcome could be different.

BMW 7 series have shorter stopping distances and IMHO VW not putting safety as main priority.

You not gonna convince me, In my opinion drum brakes is legacy technology, but I accept you may have different opinion .....
 
Mikado463

Mikado463

Audioholic Spartan
Went to the Philly Car Show this past Wed, typical Philly, it was pretty lame. Went there to do some recon for the wife who is planning on replacing her Subaru Outback this spring. Other than Subbie the KIA's looked pretty nice and while their re-sale is still so-so, for someone that keeps a car 7-9 years like my wife does the warranty is without question tops in the industry.

Toyota had nothing but Hybrids on display. Ford's 'Lightning' while a real turd when it comes to towing is quite practical as a 'grocery getter' with is well designed 'frunk' ! My favorite EV was the Dodge Charger, very good looking.
 
N

nicoleise

Junior Audioholic
I came down a high speed road at 100 km/h when a car suddenly jumped out in front and I max braked. The 730d had insane brakes to the point it is crazy. This went well..... Somewhat worse brakes and outcome could be different.

BMW 7 series have shorter stopping distances and IMHO VW not putting safety as main priority.

You not gonna convince me, In my opinion drum brakes is legacy technology, but I accept you may have different opinion .....
I get what you mean, but anecdotes are pointless and you're still reacting to something I didn't say, because you're generalising the whole topic of brakes.

I could write a similar (true) anecdote that happened to me while driving a work van, and come to the conclusion that you don't need BMW brakes because I avoided an accident in an old Ford. But it would be pointless, right?

So instead, how about we discuss what I'm >>>not<<< saying, and maybe things will be clearer?

I am >>>not<<< suggesting that if I were to design a BMW 7 series, it would have drum brakes. I would put discs all over that car, the bigger the better, the more calipers the better.

When you design a car that weighs 2,5 t and is essentially built to sit at 250 km/h on the Autobahn all day, obviously you need high performing brakes.

But more importantly; you're designing a car where you can be pretty sure the brakes will actually be used. The car is heavy and if the customer didn't want to drive fast occasionally, chances are they'd buy something else cheaper to buy and maintain and with much less depreciation.

So one of the prerequisites for choosing disc brakes is fulfilled; the brakes (also on the rear) will actually see use from time to time.

It's the right choice >>>for that application<<<.


I'm also not saying that drum brakes are in any way "always superior" to disc brakes. But it seems to me that you think I'm saying that, and that you're generalising similarly by suggesting disc brakes are always better, such as for heavy autobahn cruisers or F1 cars.


But this is about the ID.4, an electric car with a top speed of what, 160 km/h (and obviously it will likely not spend much time at those speeds due to the range dropping fast).

The car has regenerative braking and a rear wheel drive unit. In other words, while the rear brakes on any car are applied much less than the fronts, and this car will only be applying the rear brakes once it is at max regen, once the front brakes are applied and they are applied hard enough that the rear brakes begin to actuate.

This will happen very rarely under normal use.

So this car doesn't really fulfill the prerequisites of disc brakes that they must occasionally be used to maintain their surface condition.

It's the right, the reliable and thus the safe choice to put drum brakes on the rear of these cars, simply because odds are when you do actually need the brakes on this car, the rear brakes - if they were disc brakes - would either be covered in rust/corrosion or in a particle "grime" that in both cases reduces the efficiency of the brakes severely, to the point of cancelling out any advantage they might have had from being disc brakes in the first place.

It's essentially the same reason trailers use drum brakes; they sit still a lot of the time and they're rarely driven like a hooligan. So when the brakes are needed, they would be covered in rust or grime and not really work, if they were discs. For this reason, trailers use drum brakes and for the same reason, they are the right choice - and even if stopping a 3,5 t trailer can be a tough job, they get it done.

This doesn't mean I own shares in drum brake companies like Continental, nor that I advocate then generally. It doesn't mean I intend to suggest they are superior to disc brakes in general, and it surely doesn't mean that I would suggest Mercedes to use drum brakes in their next S class.

It simply means that I feel it is very incorrect to label VWs decision as a safety concern when it is in fact not. It's the appropriate choice >>>for that application<<< and the measured numbers back that up. :) Its absolutely fair that someone would not want that based on preference, but in my opinion it's not fair to call it a safety concern at all.
 
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