For ported subs, the salient thing for protection is the High-Pass Filter (Subsonic Filter) and Slope in the amp. This cuts off the bass (like below 30Hz, 25Hz, 20Hz, etc.) from going to the sub (bass that you cannot HEAR, but rather FEEL).
For example, the Yamaha PX3 has variable High-Pass Filter and Slope plus a 6-band Parametric EQ.
I've been using passive subs from the first day I started this hobby back in college and never had any kind of damage to my subs.
If your sub is rated for 500W, then use amps that are 250-500W into 4 ohms. Set the HPF or Subsonic Filter to 20-25Hz and Slope to 24dB. If you are really concerned, then set the HPF to 30Hz.