For me, maintenance included, first, having to pay hundreds for a tube tester.
Tubes don't go bad quickly like a light bulb. They gradually go out of range; so you do need a tester.
So I'd pull each tube and test them, one at a time until I found the one or two offenders.
We had an attic with hundreds of vacuum tubes; so I'd search through many until I found the right one.
Six months later I'd repeat the process again.
Contrast that with my first solid state receiver STA-78 from Radio Shack / Realistic; 32 years old, it still plays in my office today, with zero maintenance.