STR-K502 Manual page 15. Are the main speaker outs set to "Large" or "Small"?
Page 34. Is the EQ flat or higher for bass? Adding a 3db / octave boost from 80Hz down to 30Hz for a house curve might help if you're listening at low volumes. If you typically listen near reference (loud), it should be flat.
Also, the best location in your room for imaging and sound stage is probably not the best location for sub bass. You'd still probably benefit from a subwoofer.
What towers do you have? Are the 10" woofer sections active or passive?
Do I understand correctly that you're thinking of stripping one end off an RCA cable and using it as speaker wire? No, that's not going to work at all. The LFE output of your receiver is not amplified. It's a line-level (probably 0.9v) pre-amp line intended to be plugged into a subwoofer amp.