Mark - I think that you are looking for what is commonly referred to as 'STEREO'
With speakers set to small and a subwoofer present, I believe that the lower frequencies are still directed to the LFE output of the receiver for your sub to utilize and use no additional processing. This isn't covered in detail I would expect because all receivers (that I know of) handle this the same way.
As for having a powered sub output, you likely won't ever see that on a receiver due to the amplification demands that are so speaker dependent on each subwoofer on the market. You can purchase external amplifiers for some subwoofers, especially in-wall models, that allow you to go from the LFE output, to the amplifier, to the speaker.
But, putting an additional 200 watt+ amplifier, specifically into a receiver for sub amplification would add a fair amount of money to the price of the receiver and would likely not provide accurate power requirements for enough of the subwoofer designs that are on the market. Maybe it would be perfect for a 10" sub, but what about someone needing to drive a good 15 or 18 inch model? Those people still require an external sub amp and are stuck paying the higher price tag on the receiver.
Since most subs ship with internal amplifiers, it isn't of much advantage to offer this feature. The industry has a standard that most people are happy with.