Picture you are a banker, trying to make decisions on loans. What would your criteria be for making a loan to a person ?
In the "old days", loans were made based on criteria such as:
1. Past Credit History
2. Income sufficient to make payments
3. A down payment to help ensure the loan balance was less than the value of the collateral - or at least so the loan balance was not higher than the value of the collateral.
It was a common practice for the first purchase (major) by a recent high school or college graduate with his/her first "real job" to be a new car.
This required an adult (normally mom and/or dad) to cosign on an auto loan. The good credit this young person built by paying the auto loan, plus saving up for a 20% down payment would lead to the purchase of a house a few years later.
In 1977, this started to change.
The Community reinvestment act was passed.
The CRA is a pretty complicated act, and it has been altered several times in its 30 year plus existence.
Here is a link to the examination procedures as detailed by the CRA:
http://www.ffiec.gov/cra/pdf/cra_exlarge9.pdf
And here is an excerpt from the this text:
So ... You are this loan officer trying to make loans knowing you are going to have the federal government grading you on how well you serve low income areas.
You make loans to these low income areas, only to have the same Congress that passed the CRA now chastise you for "predatory lending".
Feels pretty good, doesn't it ?