The SVS will be the only decent one that I know of that will get you down to 20Hz (I'm considering this one as well). HSU would be another one, but in that price range you only go down to 25-30Hz.
The ideal place is in a corner, but I have seen where it is closer to the equipment rack that a room corner. Most are magnetically shielded so the computer equipment should be safe (vibration is another story).
I would not advise putting anything on it althought I have seen people use SVS's as end tables.
So to answer yous questions:
1.)
http://www.svsound.com/products-sub-box-10isd.cfm. The response curve is at the very bottom of the page.
2.) Most subs today are magnetically shielded. However, a couple feet should be pretty safe.
3.) The have 40' subwoofer cables. I use a 14' cable but only have it about 10' from my receiver.
4.) I have a Sony sub and I don't like it. SVS and HSU are the only decent ones that will get you close. Velodyne are also good, but I think a little more expensive, especially if you want wood grain.
5.) I don't think I would put a Yugo on one or anything, but they are made of 3/4" - 1" MDF with internal bracing. Therefore, physics alone would say they could handle a substancial amount of weight. I would say at least a few hundred pounds. A receiver would not be too much weight, however, I would not put any components on a sub due to vibration.
-Lou