zumbo said:
<font color='#000000'>You can blow a 600 watt speaker with a 10 watt amp!
Underpowering will blow a speaker before overpowering.
The cause is turning volume into distortion levels!
First rule of audio. DO NOT underpower speakers!
Second rule. DO NOT turn volume into distortion levels!</font>
FALSE! FALSE! FALSE! Your first statement is COMPLETELY FALSE!!!
I cannot believe I missed this!
If underpowering blows speakers, everytime you turned down the volume to a low level, they (speakers) would blow.
Speakers fail for two main reasons:
1) Voice coil failure
2) Mechanical failure
I will elaborate on both here.
Mechanical failure: Mechanical failures are almost always due to over powering. Torn spiders, surrounds, cone/former neck joint separations are caused from too much power being sent too the woofer causing uncontrolled motion. Clipping with less than rms power can also cause this, once in a while, due to odd order harmonics tossing the woofer beyond its mechanical limits. In this case the clipped power exceeds the rms power of the speaker. This will be explained more below.
Voice coil failure: The only way a voice coil fails is if it receives TOO MUCH power over time. Let's get a fact and definition out of the way first.
Fact: When an amplifier FULLY clips it will decrease dynamic range capability and increase average power. Usually doubling its unclipped continuous power. Even people with "golden ears" will drive an amplifier to small amounts of clipping.
Power compression- when a speaker's thermal power handling is exceeded, it will not result in much increased output but rather just add unwanted heat to the voice coil and top plate resulting in diminishing performance. The unwanted heat develpos from the speaker not being able to move much farther to cool the coil. If a speaker stays in this state for too long the voice coil melts.
Here are a few examples to illustrate what I am trying to say.
Example 1:
Let us say we have a 100 watt speaker with an unclipped 50 watt continuous amplifier. If our 50 watt continuous amplifier fully clips to 100 watts,our speaker's voice coil will NOT fail. The power level has NOT exceeded the thermal dissipation limits of the speaker. It will not sound very nice when this happens but it will not fail thermally. The only possibility for failure here is a mechanical one due to odd order harmonics. Even this is rare as the power level present should keep cone travel within mechanical limits.
Example 2: Now let us use our 100 watt speaker with an unclipped 100 watt continuous amplifier. If this amplifier were to fully clip, it would output 200 watts of power, causing thermal failure, mechanical failure or both. Even 50% clipping with this amplifier will have a high risk of failure. However, this is typically the best amplifier to use (for most listeners), as reaching clipping is fairly rare because of high volume levels and dynamic capability.
Example 3: This is the big one here. Let us use our 100 watt continuous speaker with an unclipped 200 watt continuous amplifier. If we run this amplifier to 200 watts of continuous unclipped power on our 100 watt speaker we will have a voice coil failure if left for too long, even though safe levels of distortion are being observed. (too long here would probably be a matter of minutes) Why? because we have exceeded the thermal dissipation limits of the speaker. With the extra 100 watts of power we may have added 1 or 2 db of overall output and dynamics, but we have also added a couple hundred degees to the voice coil temperature with no proportional cooling movement. We have effectively sent this speaker into power compression as we did above except this still sounds "clean", the amp is unclipped. The possibilty of a mechanical failure at these levels has also increased greatly.
Even if this was a 150 watt continuous amplifier we would still see a failure, it would just take a little extra time. We would still have an extra 50 watts of "clean" power wasted as heat on the voice coil. Too much average power over time blows speakers.
My recommendation would be an amplifier/receiver capable of, or within, 15-20 continuous unclipped watts or so of the speakers continuous power handling capabilities.
Sorry for the long post.