The yellow, red, and white are "RCA" plugs, yes. Component video uses the same type of plug, but requires three cables just for the video. "Regular" composite video, the yellow plug, uses only a single cable. The difference is quite dramatic.
When using component video, with 3 RCA plugs (red, blue, and green), you still need an audio connection. That can be the standard red and white stereo pair or something fancier like a digital connection.
The antenna wire - the stiff stuff with the screw-on connector and bare wire "pin" in the middle - is typically called coax.
I'm not sure what your TV is like, but I'd just run the coax from the surge protector to the TV and use the TV's outputs to go into the VCR inputs.