Hi, Jerry
We all can (phase coherency), and for a while (the 70s) the builder community thought it was (notice that most "time aligned" speakers are from that era). Then someone (Toole IIRC) actually did a lot of blind listening tests and discovered that it wasn't.
In particular, a question about this and then a correction, thanks. I apologize in advance for the length of this post, but it is pertinant information about which I've not seen much written. So, again, your quote:
We all can (phase coherency) [why use this term here? = Question, thanks], and for a while (the 70s) the builder community thought it was (notice that most "time aligned" speakers are from that era).
Then someone (Toole IIRC) actually did a lot of blind listening tests and discovered that it wasn't.
Well, this last line sounds plausible Jerry, but I'm afraid you've been told someone's complete speculation. I was there from the early 70's and onwards, including being the principal buyer for stores at the trade shows, and I still retain many friends working at all levels throughout the industry. Thus, I think the following analysis is accurate:
Two important aspects of the USA hi-fi market changed between ~1982 and the early 1990's (all prior to the influence of Floyd Toole).
- The overall number of hi-fi units sold steadily grew as the USA big-box stores came about and later on, from the demand for home theater gear. Falling prices and new features kept the unit-numbers up even through the several recessions in that period. The average price/unit went down from pressure by competition between the big-box stores (and from the several recessions), so manufacturing for most hi-fi moved from Japan to Taiwan, then to Thailand, Hong Kong, Singapore, China. Someday we'll see 'made in Congo'.
- While the major electronics mfgs benefited from the big-store sales' volumes and thus greatly damaging specialty retailers, the major speaker companies could not accommodate the low-price business these USA box stores offered. Yet, they felt pressure to lower prices because of those recessions, which reduced sales of their status-oriented/expensive models. Those never did sell as well as expected when they were first being designed in the early 1980's, like the Celestion SL-600 speaker that came out in the mid `80's.
Therefore, these large speaker manufacturers asked what would best sustain or perhaps enlarge their own portion of the specialty-market share?
This would be frequent and positive reviews of 'innovative products' in all of the new hi-fi magazines then hitting the stands. And that decision caused them to shorten their R&D cycles in order bring out a wide range of new speaker models each year. Which costs more. Which meant there was going to be a move to Asian parts and assembly when possible.
To this day, a big side-benefit of bringing out new models every year remains using these new models as leverage on their exclusive retailers to have them always order at least X-amount each year. So the manufacturer knows how many to build and warehouse ahead of time, while work begins right away on the next "next-year's models".
The easiest way to shorten their R&D cycle was to design higher-order crossovers with the new help of computers, since one only designs for a proper acoustic roll-off, such as fourth-order, out of each driver with its crossover, and then checks for phase coherency when combined (by looking for holes in the overall response).
-- With these crossovers, tweeter voice-coils would be less expensive, a low resonance from a proper suspension less critical, and a rear chamber apparently 'not required'. That left $$ to cover the greater expense of metal domes.
-- With these crossovers, the emerging hard-plastic and metal 'high-tech-looking' cones would have their nasty breakup resonances better suppressed (so is commonly believed).
And they looked hi tech (and were the only part of a speaker that could do so. Other than the picture of a horribly complicated crossover.).
First-order speakers take a lot longer to design, and their raw parts cost a lot more.
Also, the math for getting time-coherence out of piston drivers, while not having coverage and lobing issues is not known by most speaker designers, as it cannot be self taught and emerges only in grad school for physicists. And while I make every attempt on our site, I don't think the math and physics can really be communicated to the public.
Thought you'd want to know. Time-coherence was simply set aside by most companies (and reviewers, and specialty retailers) for the reasons above, and not because golden-ears thought better.
It was about business foremost but also about designer skills, fortified by research papers that claimed we couldn't hear time-delays below about two milliseconds in the midband.
Poppycock. They used the wrong sounds for one, but this is a discussion I will not have time for on the internet, sorry. Anyone can get the papers from the Audio Engineering Society and form their own opinions after reading about the methodologies employed and how the conclusions were actually drawn.
Best regards,
Roy