Full-Range, Multi-Way, etc.: offshoot thread response

WmAx

WmAx

Audioholic Samurai
bpape said:
Your logic is still wrong on the baffles. You CANNOT make the logical jump from narrow baffles helping to all narrow baffled speakers being better than wider ones or certainly not to only narrow baffled ones being ABLE to image.
When did I say that all narrow baffled speakers could image? I did not. Please re-read. What is contained in my statement is that if by using your contention(that small baffle speakers such as small bookshelf monitors image substantially better because of the baffle width), a small baffle as found on a bookshelf will always improve the image better than an average baffle width. I do not mean that statement to apply to 'all' as a blanket coverage. My use of 'any' is intended to apply to a control situation; variable being the baffle width. For example: Any speaker will benefit in imaging significantly from a narrow baffle.

But let's forget this, and re-read my original statement that is my attempt to understand your claims. Based upon what you said, I made this conditional statement:

"If a small cabinet width as found on very small bookshelf monitors has a substantial improvement effect on imaging in itself, then by this logic, only speakers with such a small cabinet baffle must have excellent rated imaging. No speakers with average or large size baffles can have excellent rated imaging based on this simplisitc assumption."

This statement functions based on your previous claims that a small baffle width monitor speaker has better imaging as a function of it's narrower baffle width. You imply this is a substantial effect. If this effect functions to improve the imaging, and it is a substantial effect, then a small baffle speaker will always have better imaging than an average width baffle speaker when baffle width is the variable. The use of rating 'excellent' is used to emphasize 'best' in my statement. The narrower baffle is ALWAYS one-up on this substantial(as you imply) parameter. Therefor only a small baffle speaker would have the best imaging. Not ALL speakers, but in the ideal cases of each is the intended meaning here.


There are many other things that contribute to good imaging. Narrow baffles help but can't overcome other major technical blunders.
So, you realize that narrow baffles are but one variable. Now please consider what I said in the first post in this thread that relates to polar response. Now consider that narrow baffles(as found on a small bookshelf that is 6" wide for example) do not really help with diffraction in the frequencies that are actually most critial for imaging/localization cues. To have a substantial effect throughout the relevant bandwidth using baffle width as the variable, you have to have a baffle that is small in relation to the radiated frequencies as to prevent the edge re-radiation disruption from occuring. A 6"(a typical width for a 2 way using a 5.25" diamter midwoofer) flat edge enclosure is going to have some small effect starting at about 1100Hz, with substantial ripple occuring by 1600Hz and continuing for the rest of the bandwidth upwards. A 1" square-edged baffle would increase the frequency to about 9000Hz before substantial rippled started to occur; that is if it was a flat square edged baffle area. However, the tweeters used in such small approx. 1" size such as ones used on B&W Nautilus speakers resemble a sphere in the front, because of the spherical shape of the front of the tweeter, and effectively no substantial edges surrounding the tweeter. Almost no diffractive effects persist in such a design; passband ripple is insubstantial. Additionally, even if the 1" tweeter was not essentially a sphere, the average dome tweeter begins to become directional by 10kHz, with directionality increase with frequency, thereby edge radiated energy is reduced in direct proportion, thuse diffraction effects are not an issue at these higher frequencies under this circumstance.

Obviously you're not seeing the logic flaw (my college professor for logic would have a cow over this one). This is one of the classic logic flaws taught to show what not to do. I guess we'll have to move on.
No, you are trying to apply my statements to mean 'all' with no qualification, when that is not the case. This has been, for the most part, a casual conversation. My statements are built upon your previous implications and claims, and are functioning as such; they were not meant to stand alone in isolation, nor am I doing much in the way of proof reading, so if I made a grammatical error that caused confusion I apologize.

Is this all a result of a misunderstanding?

I do find it interesting that many of the things you claim make the Lowther/Fostex drivers problematic and inferior would be eliminated if they were used in a multi-way system.
Yes; but then these are no longer full range systems. Some of the full range drivers make for excellent midrange drivers if used in a multi-way system; refer to Jordan drivers.

Also, thank you for helping to make the point about 1st order xovers and mutiple drivers causing issues. That's EXACTLY my point. In theory, a 1st order xover is superior. However, the complexity in a multi-way system almost necessitates a MUCH more complex (read more phase issues and more expense and more changes to muck it up or use cheap components) xovers.
A 1st order crossover is superior in theory in transient response, and within a very narrow polar response axis range. A 1st order is not superior in theory so far as off axis response. A 1st order will not be cheaper to construct a good design; the drivers will be more expensive because of the increased bandwidth that needs to be reproduced with minimum technical problems -- the crossover will not be simple because of the substantial notch and contour filters required in order to get the drivers to adhere to a 1st order target slope throughout a sufficient crossover lapse. You can simplify the crossover by using drivers that are yet even more expensive to manufacture, and have an even wider linear operatational bandwidth.

-Chris
 
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sploo

Full Audioholic
WmAx said:
I will remind you of one thing: you do not personally need to be concerned with off axis performance. This is because (if my memory is correct) your listening room has virtually no ambient ability, with absorbitin on the majority of surfaces, and no 1st reflections are existant. Your room resembles the acoustics of an anechoic chamber, essentially. If I am confusing you with someone else, please correct me.
You may be... but I do have some acoustic room treatment, and therefore reduced side wall reflections.


WmAx said:
So long as you stay within the approximate width of the original plans, and ensure that the tweeter/mid are place in the same approximate positions relative the original top boundaries, and in the same distance/spacing as the original plans, it should remain reasonably close.
That matches my understanding. However, part of my goal is to produce speakers with heavily curved baffles, thereby (hopefully) reducing diffraction problems. If the xover contained a baffle step then I guess I'd have to modify/remove it.

This is why I was looking at fullrange and coaxial units, as I could produce a single sphere or 'egg' per loudspeaker. With a multiway system I'd have to think about integrating more than one box (either as separate units, or blended together).


WmAx said:
The CX is an analog unit, and it lacks the ability to customize the target curves and slop rates. It is not suited as well as the DCX to crossover design.
OK. As I thought. I suppose the DCX also does a number of other things (parametric EQ etc.) so it's probably worth getting one for a bit of experimentation.

Cheers for the info.
 
WmAx

WmAx

Audioholic Samurai
sploo said:
That matches my understanding. However, part of my goal is to produce speakers with heavily curved baffles, thereby (hopefully) reducing diffraction problems. If the xover contained a baffle step then I guess I'd have to modify/remove it.
You can not remove the baffle step with curves. The very large radius curves serve to smooth the stepping behaviour, thereby reducing/removing ripple, which essentially means a much flatter frequency response above the baffle step frequency. Baffle step is a function of the enclosure width/height in relation to the wavelenghts. Baffle step starts to occur slightly before the frequency equaling the 1/2 wavelengh in air, equal to the baffle size. Note: If using corner radiuses to reduce the ripple, you need to use generally 4" or larger radius to have a significant effect on frequency response.

I recommend that you read the following well explained articles that will assist you in understanding the situation:

http://sound.westhost.com/bafflestep.htm

http://www.birotechnology.com/articles/stuck.html

This is why I was looking at fullrange and coaxial units, as I could produce a single sphere or 'egg' per loudspeaker. With a multiway system I'd have to think about integrating more than one box (either as separate units, or blended together).
Just rememeber that the sphere or egg needs to be much larger than the speaker inserted, because the driver itself is an effective baffle; a non-sufficient radius along the edges will not allow smooth diffraction for a sufficient bandwidth.

OK. As I thought. I suppose the DCX also does a number of other things (parametric EQ etc.) so it's probably worth getting one for a bit of experimentation.
The DCX or similar device will allow you to combine many more drivers than one normally would be able: (1)sensitivity differences are not an issue (2)easy to correct significant resonances such as often found in stiff membrane midranges (3)time delays allow easy time alignment with drivers located on the same plane, thus allowing smoother frequency response throughout the crossover region

-Chris
 
B

bpape

Audioholic Chief
I've never said that all small speakers imaged well. What I said was the a small front baffle (more than just width BTW) helps a speaker disappear. Mabye I should have added 'with all other things equal'.

And, there are other things that you can do to assist with HF issues on the front baffle such as absorbtion (foam pads, etc.), rounded baffling, etc. to help minimize diffraction effects. However, at the frequencies that really dictate soundstaging to a large extent, the waves are large enough for front baffle size to absolutely be an issue.

When a full range driver is crossed over at say 80-100 Hz (where bass is primarily non-directional and non-localizable) and an active xover is used, you still have, in effect, a full range driver unincumbered by a passive xover. It still for all practical purposes acts as a point source. That's all I'm saying.

To jump somewhat into your discussion with Sploo, I'm intrigued by the idea that he doesn't need to worry about off axis response simply because he has room treatments. What about people sitting off axis and not in the sweet spot? Isn't this one of the things you complained about with the full range drivers? Having poor off axis response and killing early reflections that are out of time to me are 2 totally different issues. One deals in time and image smearing - the other is a frequency related issue.
 
WmAx

WmAx

Audioholic Samurai
bpape said:
I've never said that all small speakers imaged well. What I said was the a small front baffle (more than just width BTW) helps a speaker disappear. Mabye I should have added 'with all other things equal'.
From the discussion so far, from my perspective, it seemed that you argued on the basis of width as the primary variable, even though I explained/brought up several other variables.

And, there are other things that you can do to assist with HF issues on the front baffle such as absorbtion (foam pads, etc.), rounded baffling, etc. to help minimize diffraction effects. However, at the frequencies that really dictate soundstaging to a large extent, the waves are large enough for front baffle size to absolutely be an issue.
I detailed all of these factors at one point or another within this thread. So far as diffractive effects, the wavelengths most critical to localization are not helped by the width of a bookshelf speaker. It is still too wide to prevent the bandwidth from undesirable sudden radiation change diffraction, thus the ripple response will still be appreciable.


To jump somewhat into your discussion with Sploo, I'm intrigued by the idea that he doesn't need to worry about off axis response simply because he has room treatments. What about people sitting off axis and not in the sweet spot? Isn't this one of the things you complained about with the full range drivers? Having poor off axis response and killing early reflections that are out of time to me are 2 totally different issues.
I did qualify my statement to sploo[I qualify nearly all of my statements]; based on my memory of his room. Based on my memory, pictures showed a room with all 1st reflections basicly totally dampened and most 2nd reflections dampened, with a narrow room, and a very narrow seating position located in the center of the speakers. In such a case, only a few degrees(20-30) of off axis response are relevant.

-Chris
 
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sploo

Full Audioholic
WmAx said:
You can not remove the baffle step with curves. The very large radius curves serve to smooth the stepping behaviour, thereby reducing/removing ripple, which essentially means a much flatter frequency response above the baffle step frequency.

...

I recommend that you read the following well explained articles that will assist you in understanding the situation:

http://sound.westhost.com/bafflestep.htm

http://www.birotechnology.com/articles/stuck.html
OK. Read and understood. Very useful indeed, thanks.

I see what you mean - that a curved baffle won't remove the effect, but will serve to smooth it.

WmAx said:
Just rememeber that the sphere or egg needs to be much larger than the speaker inserted, because the driver itself is an effective baffle; a non-sufficient radius along the edges will not allow smooth diffraction for a sufficient bandwidth.
Understood.

I think some of my calculations had a 22cm (diameter) bass driver requiring a spherical box that would be around 45cm (diameter), so that should be plenty.

I also see why people sometimes put a treble unit in a separate (small) enclosure. Having said that, the L/1 speaker at the Biro website did this, but the calculations from the westhost site would indicate baffle step in the mid hundreds of Hz (assuming most normal speaker sizes).

I would've thought they'd be crossing over the bass/mid to the treble at a much higher frequency, so the unit in the main enclosure will be the one producing sound at the baffle step frequency. I guess the external treble is to reduce ripple at the higher frequencies?


WmAx said:
The DCX or similar device will allow you to combine many more drivers than one normally would be able...
Yes, obviously a much better device.

I just wish my electronics knowledge extended to making the active xovers and an amp myself... I have looked at Siegfried Linkwitz's excellent site, and, whilst I can understand the purpose of his crossover schematics, I think I'd have a few issues in implementing them...

Ah well, life's for learning I guess ;).
 
WmAx

WmAx

Audioholic Samurai
sploo said:
Having said that, the L/1 speaker at the Biro website did this, but the calculations from the westhost site would indicate baffle step in the mid hundreds of Hz (assuming most normal speaker sizes).

I would've thought they'd be crossing over the bass/mid to the treble at a much higher frequency, so the unit in the main enclosure will be the one producing sound at the baffle step frequency. I guess the external treble is to reduce ripple at the higher frequencies?
The midbass driver will suffer baffle step in the main enclosure. The objective at Biro was to reduce the diffractive reflection/re-radiation of the most signficant band relevant to localization(treble). Note that the graphs provided in the Biro article are exclusively the tweeter response.


I just wish my electronics knowledge extended to making the active xovers and an amp myself... I have looked at Siegfried Linkwitz's excellent site, and, whilst I can understand the purpose of his crossover schematics, I think I'd have a few issues in implementing them...
It's only practical to make an active crossover if you know just about exactly what kind of filters/slopes/eq you will need in the final design. For design work, the DSP based units are far superior due to their flexibility.

-Chris
 
S

sploo

Full Audioholic
WmAx said:
The midbass driver will suffer baffle step in the main enclosure. The objective at Biro was to reduce the diffractive reflection/re-radiation of the most signficant band relevant to localization(treble). Note that the graphs provided in the Biro article are exclusively the tweeter response.
I spotted that the graph range was showing the higher ranges, so guessed it was mainly a treble issue they were looking at.

I suppose having a rounded baffle for both would be doubly advantageous.


WmAx said:
It's only practical to make an active crossover if you know just about exactly what kind of filters/slopes/eq you will need in the final design. For design work, the DSP based units are far superior due to their flexibility.
Understood. I'm definitely going to get a DSP unit to 'have a play', but I'd like to be able to put together active xovers to make standalone speakers.

Are the requirements for components less demanding (i.e. cheaper) when making an active unit, as the power handling is surely less than a passive xover (as it's not working with the amplified signal)?
 
WmAx

WmAx

Audioholic Samurai
sploo said:
Are the requirements for components less demanding (i.e. cheaper) when making an active unit, as the power handling is surely less than a passive xover (as it's not working with the amplified signal)?
An active unit is working with very low current, low voltage line level signals; but the circuity is more complex than a passive because of the requirement to build power supply, switching systems, controls and et cetera. Net sum savings are probably nill in an average situation so far as the actual parts cost used in the speaker vs. active. Finally, it depends on many factors(cost of your parts in your country compared to each other, the grade of parts you use, et cetera.). The main case of savings for an active would be if you used it for experimentation of slopes, notches, etc. as opposed to a passive. A passive system, you would need many extra parts(this adds up in cost rapidly) to experiment. The parts you change out in an active circuit are almost free in comparison.

-Chris
 
Spkr_Bldr

Spkr_Bldr

Full Audioholic
Is this too old to bump up? I'd like to get in on this discussion :p
 
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