I'm mainly talking about frequencies greater than 1khz, where perception of location is mostly controlled by spl and hrtf, and how it might apply to the effectiveness of something like an Atmos module. Let's assume a speaker has uniform 90x90 directivity from 1khz to 14khz (-6dB), such as the klipsch reference premiere speakers I've measured. Each 15 degree increment off axis results in a fairly uniform drop of 2dB above the fc of the speaker. Since an Atmos module is angled at 20 degrees, and is often elevated above ear level, we could assume it would be about 90 degrees off axis, which would translate to the direct sound being - 12dB.
If the speaker is 4' from the ceiling, and the listener is 4.5' from the ceiling, is there a way to mathematically determine how loud the reflection would be? How likely is it that it would be louder than the direct sound?
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