The Nucleus and the “Google 4K streamer thingy,” which is probably the Chromecast 4K, each have HDMI output ports and connecting one to the other will do nothing.
The Sonos Arc Ultra is Roon Tested but not Roon Ready. So, using a network connection, the Nucleus can use Airplay 2 or Chromecast to get a signal to AVP/AVRs and Soundbars that support them. The Sonos Arc Ultra supports Airplay 2 but not Chromecast.
Unfortunately, multichannel DSD files will not be supported over Airplay 2 or Chromecast. Multichannel DSD signals will work over the network if the receiving device is Roon Ready and the signal will be converted to PCM(DoP.)
When using the HDMI output port on the Nucleus, or Mac/PC used as the Roon Core, DSD multichannel signals are output as multichannel PCM to the connected AVP/AVR.
There are only a few Roon Ready multichannel receivers out there. JBL, Pioneer and Onkyo have some Roon Ready receivers on the market. They will be able to handle DSD multichannel signals over a network using DoP.)
Using Airplay 2 to get music from the Nucleus to the Sonos Arc Ultra will be limited to 2ch signals and DSD multichannel signals will not be supported at all and a 2ch signal will be sent instead.
Using a supported iPad model, the “Trueplay” room correction feature of the Sonoc Arc Ultra will be available for use to adjust the audio output.
I still recommend using an AVR and better speakers for the setup and would also recommend a Roon Ready model for use with the Nucleus if connected to it over a network. A Roon Tested model would need to be connected to the Nucleus via HDMI to receive multichannel signals.
A Mac with sufficient storage running Roon connected to a Roon Ready receiver over a network would make the Nucleus completely unnecessary. On the other hand, using the Nucleus over a network with the Roon app in an iPad makes a Mac unnecessary here since the Nucleus can Airplay directly to a device that is not Roon Ready.