Long winding answer
HTnewbie said:
I have often wondered how these guys get their stock without buying stuff off the back of trucks.
Not wanting to get anybody paranoid... a portion of the units are really from the "back of a truck". Usually you won't find those "off the back of a truck" units at a fulltime company, rather they will be sold by somebody (often that comes and goes) on one of the auction sites or at an obscure website. The tip is when:
A: the seller only has very, very few units to sell.
or
B: "takes orders" for your requested goods (ie "let me know what you want and I will get it for you").
or
C. Sells at really obscenely low prices.
Typically the seller is a guy working in a warehouse somewhere and slips the requested goods in his truck at the end of the day. This kind of stuff has been happening since the beginning of time. The web is just making it easier to unload the stuff at a really big profit.
So where is most of this stuff actually coming from?
Most of the stuff sold is "excess inventory".
The owner of an independent camera store that I used to frequent when I was in college was kind enough to give his cliental a little lecture in small business economics and the Japanese camera body manufacturer.
The question was raised.... How can you compete with Service Merchandise (SM store located 200% yards from his store).
For those you that forgot, Service Merchandise was a pretty big outfit in the 70's and 80's. Lots of stores in the chain that sold electronics, jewelry, children's toys, luggage, sporting goods etc. I had friends in college that worked at SM and on any given Saturday they could have customers lined up 6 deep for 12 straight hours at the checkouts waiting to buy cameras, electric razors, stereo equipment etc.
So how would an independent camera store compete with the SM buying power?
Answer. Simple. "I out buy them" .... "on the stuff that I want to sell".
The important part of that answer is .... "on the stuff that I want to sell".
His example was a Japanese camera manufacturer that had an interesting sliding discount scale. Either you buy A LOT of cameras bodies (ie Service Merchandise) to get the big discounts, or you buy a big MIX of products, many of which you did not want.
Service Merchandise just bought a few models of the Japanese camera body, and they bought A LOT of them. (somebody told me at the time that SM was considered to be the second biggest seller of cameras in the USA ... second behind Sears)
The independant store owner bought:
More than a few from column 1 .... the premium camera body that he sold to the real professionals. Service Merchandise was never going to buy this camera body, and he could sell the camera body at a very fair profit margin.
LOTs from column 2 .... the near premium camera body that he sold to the die hard near professional photographer that was the bread and butter of his cliental. Again, Service Merchandise was never going to buy this camera body, and he could sell the camera body at a very fair profit margin. He had to grossly overbuy other catagories of product to be able to receive the additional units from column 2.
More than a few from column 3 .... the pretty good camera body that was desired by the wanna be professional photographer .... the camera body that we used for the college newspaper .... and the high end camera body sold by Service Merchandise. Because SM was treating this as their high end camera body (with the corresponding expected low volume of sales) they (SM) tried to maintain a pretty good profit margin. ... they did not overly discount the camera body. His (the independant's) profit wasn't as good as column 1 or 2. But he always had the camera body in stock, and he only had to come close to SM's price. At the end of the model year, any left over models would be sold at a big discount through his store. Even if he had to sell the units below his cost, he needed to purchase the units from column 3 to support his purchases of camera bodies from column 2.
A few from column 4 .... pure highend hobby camera body, not a bad product, and the primary model sold by SM .... often at a huge discount. The independent stated that there was no way he was going to handle the camera body for just a few dollars profit. He bought the camera bodies just to sell to his regular cliental that were buying the camera body for a relative etc. He did not try to sell the product, and his price was some $75 higher than SM... a big price swing on a $200 camera body. Fortunately, he was not forced to buy a lot of column 4, because he bought from column 5.
Lots from column 5. A pure hobby camera. Sears, Kmart et al were the primary sellers of this camera body. He (the independant) bought LOTS of them to boost his volume to get his discount up on the products that he actually sold. "Where were the camera's in his store?" They are NOT. He sold them lumpsum upon arrival to his brother-in-law (who owned one of those mall stores chains that sold stereo equipment, refrigerators, lawn mowers, cameras etc). Even if he had to sell these camera bodies at a price far below cost, he could do so, just as long as he protected his profit margin on the column 2 camera bodies.
Second note.
I work with several Japanese industrial equipment manufacturers.
The Japanese home office does not always treat the US company as wholely owned subsidiary, rather the US company is often treated as a "customer" of the parent corp.
Therefore, the US company (think YamahaAmerica DenonAmerica PioneerAmerica SonyAmerica etc) is often forced to buy packages of products (specific quantities from each product group), rather then buying the products that would more desirable in the US.
What is sometimes claimed as B market is actually excess product that is being dumped by the American subsidary of the Japanese parent corp. Which explains why some companies have dedicated B market resellers with seemingly unlimited quantity of B market products. By selling the product without the standard warranty, the American subsidary can shift costs and reduce the selling price of these units, just to unload the less desirable units as quickly as possible.
(remember, estimated warranty costs are attached to every item covered by a manufacturer's warranty. If the estimated warrant costs can be removed, the selling price can be {and should be} lower).
Another source is the independant dealer (as noted in my previous example above), that buys up a mixed package of products, and then bids out his excess inventory to online companies for disposal. The excess inventory may also include some return products, showroom demo's etc, which is why many of the online companies may advertise the products as B market. This also explains why the online company will have periods that they are "waiting for more of item #123" ... they have their bid into one of the small independents for his/her excess inventory of stuff that he, the small independent dealer, had to buy, but does not want to sell within his store.
The final source for B market is truly the B Market. The B Market vendor buys up defective, product returns, etc and repairs and repackages the product. With midstream and high end audio, I suspect the real B Market goods are actually quite small in number..... it is really the excess inventory being dumped on the market.