I love vintage. i've got a bunch of it.
Of course, when I bought it, it wasn't vintage. I love my blue-dial Marantz 2230 and JBL L-26 speakers with my Miracord 50H turntable. I loved it 40 years ago and still do. I also love the stuff in the link in my sig line as well.
There is nothing vintage can do that modern equipment can't do. Granted, nowadays phono stages ave pretty much disappeared and the emphasis on quality FM has diminished but that's due to the change in consumer interest, not technical abilities.
Keep in mind that odds are any vintage equipment won't be in brand-spanking new shape and to get it back to new (or close to new) performance will take a visit to a skilled tech.
Yes, things have changed. Speakers are "different" simply because the focus on big box/big drivers has pretty much been relinquished to PA/DJ speakers but, thanks to more efficient design, a more realistic bass presentation can be had with taller, slimmer enclosures with smaller drivers. But, some still like the big, woolly sound of the old speakers (my L-26's on the Allman's Live at the Fillmore East
) on some music.
As for turntables, newer is better. ...period. I know someone will chime in that their '53 turntable is the best thing since free oxygen but the fact is that, on the whole, newer is better.
Electronics too. There's noting the old stuff can do that the new stuff can't do better, and with remote control. As for phono stages, they are available anywhere for a variety of prices. Likewise software to convert those vinyl wiggles into digital bits and bytes for your computer.
So, vintage is great. I love it. But, on the whole, if forced to make a purchasing choice, I'd go with new.