I would personally try very hard to get the turntable and receiver close enough together to not need an extension for the reason sited by mtrycrafts. It does not matter whether this would involve moving the turntable or the receiver or both.
If that is not possible, you might want to get a separate phono preamp, and position it close to the turntable, and then you would plug the turntable into it, and it would plug into a line level (not phono) input on your receiver.
Of course, it might work out okay just hooking up an extension to your turntable cables, and if that is all you can afford to do, then you may as well try it and see how it works. You might want to do the research on your cartridge that mtrycrafts suggests to give yourself a better chance of success.
With any line level output device, I would say just go ahead and use an extension of 6 feet, as it wouldn't matter. But unfortunately, you are talking about a very low level output device that can be extra finicky.