The sampling rate and bit depth of the digital audio signal carried by the digital audio cable is determined by the digital data stored on the media, not the specs of the DAC in your media player. The DAC in your media player does not process the signal carried on the digital audio cable. I have not heard of any media players that upscale the digital audio signal. I don't believe you can hear a difference between digital audio cables because they don't change the data that they transfer. The DAC that decodes the data to analog audio determines the sound quality. The DAC converting the digital data to analog audio can over-sample and interpolate to produce additional samples to reduce the need for analog filtering. There is where you may hear a difference between the DAC internal to your CD media player and the DAC external to your CD media player.
Now that I think about it, I do own an optical disk media player that will convert SACD DSD to PCM of selected sample rates to drive external DACs that are not capable of decoding DSD audio on HDMI. I consider this a downgrade of the original digital data signal, but I doubt I can reliably hear the difference.