I've had tinnitus most of my life, but I can still hear steady-state (what an audiologist uses to test your hearing) to 17,500 Hz. Your hearing and tinnitus are not directly correlated. Hearing damage from loud sound can cause both hearing loss and tinnitus, but one doesn't necessarily lead to the other.
I can still hear the flyback transformer in CRT monitors and televisions, and I can hear the so-called "mosquito noise" that is supposed to annoy teenagers.
If your hearing is damaged due to long term noise, you can lose frequency response. People who need hearing aids have issues in the high midrange, where speech frequencies lie.
Short-term very loud exposure might bring on temporary ringing, but not tinnitus or frequency loss.
Repeated very loud exposure can bring on tinnitus, but not frequency loss. Long term exposure, at a significantly lower level can bring on frequency loss, with or without tinnitus accompanying it.
Ear damage is as much about exposure time as it is level. 110 dB for 10 minutes might be OK, while 100 dB for 10 hours will cause damage.
In our current world, hearing protection is so cheap there is no reason not to use it. Dropping the Sound Pressure Level 10 dB is huge when it comes to protecting your hearing, and you can get that from a 50 cent foam earplug. After a few moments you adjust to the lower SPL and can hear everything well, so there's no reason not to use it. More expensive protection offers near 20 dB of attenuation.
My tinnitus doesn't detract from my enjoyment of HiFi or movies, in fact whenever there is something to listen to, your attention is drawn to it rather than the ringing, and it's as if you aren't afflicted at all. In a quiet room, trying to sleep, that's when it becomes very noticeable.
I also have another strange (to doctors) thing where I can hear the blood pumping via my ears; I can "take my pulse" without touching my neck or wrist. Again, not noticeable except when it's super quiet. And finally I can ... don't ask me how ... reduce the level of noise by some muscle movement in my head. I can't really describe what I'm doing, but it does involve a gentle tensing of my facial or neck muscles somehow.
Just typing about the subject here, it's very noticeable. For my day up to now, I didn't notice it. If you do have tinnitus, I suggest you listen to more, not less, music through your sound system.
If it bothers you while viewing movies, perhaps your centre channel could use an upgrade; that's where intelligibility of dialog resides, mostly, with multichannel. In fact the centre channel is arguably the most important one with multichannel setups.