That doesn't seem likely, as the live cd works. It's just that the installed OS (ubuntu) isn't booting up. If the OP has had grub issues in the past, as he seems to imply, then not finding grub will cause it to not boot properly.
If I were you, try out everything (all hardware functions) using the live cd, then that will make sure your hardware isn't fubared. Then re-install grub.
However, if your computer did take a hit, then you may have some hardware problem, maybe not a full blown failure, but just enough to make you go stark raving mad, trying to find the problem. Good luck.