Hello everyone Im kinda new to the forums and have been interested in doing a DIY Sonotube sub project. And I had a few questions about the build. First when your trying to calculate the volume of a box do you have to subtract or add volume for the amount of space that the driver and the port take up? There is a few thiele/small parameters i dont understand and maybe some of you can clear them up for me these are PE and DD. Also i was wondering if anyone had an experience with TC Sounds TC-1000 Model? I plugged these in to Winisd pro alpha without entering the Pe and dd parameters cause i was unsure with what they are and what they do. I tuned the box settings to 400 l's @ 16Hz if I can find a sonotube big enough it will be a 24" diameter roughly about 54" tall. With this setup I was hoping to get the lower end sound and was making sure if this was a decent setup to reach that. The Thiele/Small parameters are as follows. 12" TC-1000 Qts 0.282 Qes 0.305 Qms 3.780 Fs 19hz Res 3.70Ω Ls 2.38mH Lp 3.51mH Rp 2.99Ω Dia 240mm Vas 132l mms 153g cms 460um/N bl 15.4T*m Spl 86.9dB Thanks in advance for your input and advice John