All Channel Stereo (5.1) will duplicate the Left front to the Left surround, the Right front to Right surround, and sum both the Left and Right fronts and send that signal to the Center. If the receiver is 7.1, the Left and Right front channels will also be duplicated in the Left and Right rear surrounds as well.
PLII(x) will utilize all the speakers but does not simply duplicate the channels like All Channel Stereo. There are other 'matrix' decoders that work similarly, but their algorithm is slightly different, and the results therefore slightly different (DTS Neo:6, Circle Surround, Logic 7, Anthem Logic, etc). Most modern receivers include at least PLII(x) and DTS Neo:6. Some also include proprietary 'surround fields' with names like Orchestra, Studio, Live, etc. There are plenty of options to utilize all the speakers when playing a 2 channel source.
Your diagram doesn't really convey what you are asking for but if the intent is to arbitrarily assign one channel to one or more other channels, then no there is no pre-processor or receiver that can do that. That would truly make a mess out of the sound. The matrix decoding algorithms are based on acoustic principles and have years of research behind them.