I'm looking for 2 fronts and a center speaker to go with the receiver I plan to get. I'm looking to spend around $1400 with a subwoofer, so maybe around $900 for the speakers?
They need to be put on a cabinet that's about 2ft tall with 12-ish inches on each side of a TV. I'm thinking about getting bookshelf speakers, but would floorstanding speakers be a viable option if they're on a slightly higher surface? From what i've read i have the impression that a subwoofer isnt necessary with a good set of floorstanding speakers. That could change the budget around because I would have an extra $500 for the speakers.
Does anyone have any suggestions?
I wouldn't recommend putting towers on that stand. And just because they are "tower" speakers doesn't mean they are full range. Full range technically means they extend very low as well as extending above 20KHz (the point where most human hearing diminishes). Most speakers aren't truly "full range" so a subwoofer is highly recommend in most circumstances. Most speakers, not even the best ones, will not extend down into the high teens. If you watch movies, a sub is certainly a must in my opinion.
Another thing to mention is that, in most cases, the best place for in-room bass response is not the same location for ideal imaging and sound staging. Using a subwoofer combined with bookshelf or floor standing speakers will allow you to experiment with placement and find the ideal location for imaging, sound staging AND in-room bass response.
For the reasons above, and based on your pictures, I highly recommend bookshelf speakers used in combination with a solid subwoofer.
For bookshelf speakers I recommend:
Ascend Sierra-1's
Salk Sound SongSurround I's
Paradigm Studio 20's (used)
Monitor Audio RS1's
B&W 685's
Swan D2.1SE
For floor standing (even though you don't have the space) I recommend:
AV123.com
Monitor Audio RS6's
Vandersteen 1C's
Aperion Audio
Those are just a few suggestions. I highly recommend that you (or your dad or whoever) spend a weekend audition everything and anything in your price range. When you narrow the list down, ask the dealer for an in-home audition to ensure they sound good in your room using your equipment.
For subwoofers check out:
SVS
Epik
Elemental Designs
HSU
I hope that helps.
Happy hunting!