Phase should normally be left on 0 unless you have an SPL meter and test tones to adjust it correctly. Ballpark, try both and see which sounds better, but in most cases, 0 should be a good starting point. If you have one speaker connected +/- and another -/+, they would be out of phase (and damage somthing potentially), one playing exactly 180 opposite to the other causing cancellation at certain frequencies. Phase adjusts this aspect of the sub relative to the mains. If they are both on the same end of the room, 0 will probably work.
The other is the crossover adjustment, which determines where the sub starts to filter out the higher frequencies. If using a receiver with a built in crossover (basically all have this these days), this should be set to the maximum setting because the receiver is taking care of it.