Julen23, couple of things as I was just a little confused with the post. One, is is just surround from the cable tv that you're not getting? Meaning, have you tried running a DVD in the DVD player to see if you get sound? The other thing I noticed is that on the section "Comcast Hi-Def Box" I only saw component video and audio running out to the tv. If that's the case, that's the problem as your tv doesn't have processing, your receiver does. This makes it sound like it's not running out to your receiver, then out to your tv from the receiver. If it IS running out to your receiver, is it through analog L/R (red & white) RCA plugs? If so, that's also a problem as those can't carry the surround signals...you need some sort of digital out, whether that be coaxial or optical. Look back there and see if you have a digital/optical out from the cable box that is connected to your receivers digital/optical in. If not, there's your problem.
Hope that helps some, or least helps us eliminate some potential problems and work our way to the real problem.