Hi,
What type of input are you sending to your receiver? Is it a digital or analog input? If it is an analog input (using composite inputs, RCA) it will not use 5.1. If it is a digital input from cable or sat, most of the times, it is not broadcast in dolby digital, so it will not use 5.1 either. Using a digital input with a dolby digital feed is the only way to get 5.1 to work. These are generally HD or digital TV signals if they are 5.1 compatible, or from a DVD. If the signal is prologic, the receiver will generate some rear sounds, but not near the quality of dolby digital.
I had that problem not too long ago when I first set up my system.
Mark