Do you want new or would you be willing to look at used equipment? I believe for your budget you could get a really nice Dual or (maybe) Garrard TT for about 25/30% of your budget. That would leave the rest of the budget to upgrade your stylus and/or the whole headshell, if needed. I just set up my 1988 Acoustic Research TT for my daughter yesterday. Paired with a 1978 Sony amp (I picked up with a Dual 1229 TT) and my pair of Celestion LS10 bookshelf speakers.
I can say the Dual 1019 (I have one of these as well) and the 1229 are great sounding TT even with a basis cart in them.
You could also buy a refurbished Dual 1019 or 12** model for around or a little above your budget.
Cheers!
Bex