I'm not so quick to condemn this install. They look like independent circuits, and not interconnected to each other, or anything else based on the photo. It's not the way I'd do it, but it looks close to being code (at least where I live) if the junction boxes (JBs) have covers on them and are somehow labeled. Those look like
IDEAL Push-In Wire Connectors which meet current code and are UL Listed, CSA Certified, and rated to 600V; that are used to extend the conductors - hopefully directly to the outlet boxes.
The cables are loose and I'd make certain to secure them properly. The JBs appear to be installed just as a intermediate stage for installation convenience. Perhaps the cables were cut too short? Or?
The easiest way to check is to plug it a lamp into one of the new wall outlets (or a radio if you are alone and turn it up loud) go back to the Main Breaker Panel and toggle off the new 20 amp breaker. The light should go off. Then leave the breaker off, and try plugging in the lamp to the other new outlet. The lamp should light. That will mean the circuits are independent. Now I have no way to ascertain if there is a branch off either circuit without testing every light or plug in the house, but I doubt it, as it would be just extra work to do so. And no rationale for anyone to do so.
I hope this is helpful.