H and V are horizontal and vertical frequency signals. The potential exists to have a slightly cleaner signal by separating out H & V from RGB. But, this really hasn't caught on as a standard for HDTV broadcasting and manufacturers haven't been making many boxes with RGBHV outputs.
Your PC (laptop) with the 15 pin connector on the back can be changed to a RGBHV connection and hooked up to your TV directly. It is NATIVE RGBHV, not component, so your TV is ready to accept your PC into those connection points directly.
You are correct that component is analog. Composite, S-Video, Component, and RGBHV are all analog signals. DVI-D is digital. I believe that DVI-I is not... not sure on that one, I get a little confused around the different DVI cables/formats, but one is digital, one is not. Most DVI is used in the digital domain though in an attempt to improve image quality.