The important thing is to have a metal connection between the grounding cable for the turntable and the ground used by the amp. You can always extend the grounding cable by using another copper wire. A couple of thoughts:
1. Can you find a screw that is the correct size to screw into your receiver's grounding section?
2. Can you secure the end of the grounding cable (or another copper extension cable) into the hole in the receiver where the screw would have gone?
3. You could get a power console that contains a grounding connection (very similar to what your amp has). So, you could use that connection for the turntable grounding cable. As long as you plugged your amp into the power console, you'd be set.
4. Here's one to be verified by the more electrically savvy people here. You could use an extension copper cable (I'm assuming that you'll need the length for this), connecting one end to the grounding cable from the turntable, and placing the other end on the grounding prong on the amp's power cord (the cylindrical prong). When you insert the amp's power cord into the outlet, the amp ground and the turntable ground would then be the same.
Just some thoughts.
Adam