30 - 50' speaker wire runs would only be a problem if you use very thin wire, like say 24 gauge, but it would not result in an overtly noticeable loss of bass.
Your friend is only partially correct. A surround receiver will only send LFE (the .1 channel of DD or DTS) to the subwoofer, althoug some receivers offer a feature whereby the LFE is sent to the subwoofer AND the front speakers if they are set to Large (called LFE+MAIN, Both, or Double Bass by different manufacturers). If you do not have a subwoofer (or you lie and tell the receiver you don't), the LFE will always go to the Large front speakers.
'Regular Bass'; ie any low frequency part of the signal that is not specifically part of the .1 channel, will be routed according to your bass management settings:
- If you only have two speakers hooked up to a surround receiver, the receiver will not let you set them to Small so the entire full range signal will be sent to the speakers (they will automatically be set to Large).
- If you happened to tell the receiver that subwoofer=yes (even though one does not exist) and set a xover frequency, then the 2 speakers could be set to Small and the bass below the xover would be redirected to the non-existent subwoofer. That could account for a lack of bass.
There is always the possibility too that you are simply playing something that does not contain an appreciable amount of low frequencies OR it does contain bass that is much lower than the low frequency extension of your speakers and the speakers simply cannot reproduce it accurately.