Very simple reason.
Hi Andy,
Welcome to Audioholics.
If you use the Audyssey audio mode on your Denon AVR-2309ci when listening to music or movies, it is normal that your volume is lower.
Just to verify, turn Audyssey audio mode OFF, and use the Pure Direct audio mode, your volume level should increase (be reestablish).
* The reason is that when you use Audyssey, there is a volume level that is set individually for each channel, and some channels are set at a higher level.
So, it has to compensate for this in the Master Volume Level.
Also Audyssey has a level of protection against overloading (clipping), so your Master Volume Level is safe at any db level.
** Also the low sensitivity of your speakers dictate that too.
Bob