About 10 to 15 yrs ago pictures like this were done on film and hypered film. They also showed the same type of color saturation. This was extremely tedious work since you had to make sure your guide scope kept a guide star completely centered. Pictures like this would take hours upon hours of guiding. Basically, you were a buffet for mosquitoes or frostbite. Some of your top astrophotographers were Tony and Daphne Hallas, Sue and Allan French and Roland Christen (of the famed Astro Physics telescopes - expect to sit on a waiting list for about 5 to 7 years for one of his scopes).
The invention of the ccd camera (example is SBIG) has cut the time down from all night to several minutes to a couple of hours depending on what you are shooting. Then download it into your computer and photo shop it a little bit.
Bryguy