If that didn't work, a splitter won't work. Either:
1) Your receiver is set up wrong
2) The cable is bad
3) The subwoofer is somehow malfunctioning.
You wouldn't want to double up the speaker inputs at the receiver, but you would want to run speaker wire from the front speakers to the sub, then from the sub to the front speakers. That should work as well.
I'd definitely try to get the sub output working though.